Never Find Entrance to Narnia Again

Fantasy world created by C.S. Lewis, setting of The Chronicles of Narnia

Narnia
The Chronicles of Narnia location
1972 Map of Narnia by Pauline Baynes
Created by	C. Due south. Lewis
Genre	Juvenile fantasy
Information
Type	Fantasy earth
Ethnic grouping(s)	Telmarines, Calormenes, Archenlanders
Race(s)	Centaurs, Dwarves, Dufflepuds, Earthmen, Fauns, Giants, Humans, Marsh-wiggles, Nymphs, Talking Animals, etc.
Locations	Narnia (state), Archenland, Calormen, Underland, Aslan'south State
Characters	Aslan, White Witch, Lucy, Mr. Tumnus

Narnia is a fantasy globe created by C. South. Lewis equally the primary location for his serial of vii fantasy novels for children, The Chronicles of Narnia. The earth is so called after the country of Narnia, in which much of the action of the Chronicles takes identify.

In Narnia, some animals tin can talk, mythical beasts abound, and magic is mutual. The series tracks the story of Narnia when humans, usually children, enter the Narnian world from "our globe", or World.

Geography [edit]

Narnia [edit]

Kingdom of Narnia
The Chronicles of Narnia location
Map of the Narnian Realm
Flag of the Narnian Realm (Golden Age) Flag of the Narnian Realm (later years)
Created past	C. South. Lewis
Genre	Juvenile fantasy
Information
Other name(s)	Narnia
Type	Accented Monarchy
Race(s)	Telmarines (formerly Humans from Earth), Dwarves, Giants, Fauns, Centaurs, Nymphs, Marsh-wiggles, Talking Animals, Humans, etc.
Locations	Cair Paravel (capital), Lantern Waste, Beaversdam, Beruna
Characters	Mr. Tumnus, White Witch, Caspian 10, Trumpkin

Narnia is the country around which the novels revolve.^{[1] [2]} Narnia is a state of rolling hills rising to low mountains in the southward. It is predominantly forested except for marshlands in the north. The state is bordered on the east by the Eastern Sea, on the west past a great mountain range, on the north past the River Shribble, and on the due south by Archenland.

The economic centre of the country centres on the Great River of Narnia, which crosses the country from the northwest on an eastward-southeasterly course to the Eastern Sea. The seat of government is Cair Paravel, at the mouth of the Great River. Other communities along the river include (from east to west):

• Beruna - I of four named towns in the country of Narnia. Beruna grew as a strategic location because of the fords on the Great River of Narnia that were located there. When Narnia was conquered by the Telmarines, a town was congenital at the Fords of Beruna and a span over the river was constructed. In Prince Caspian, Susan Pevensie and Lucy Pevensie back-trail Aslan to the span, and Bacchus destroys it at the request of the river god who quoted "Loose my chains".
• Beaversdam - A community named for the dam in the surface area built by Mr. and Mrs. Beaver, helped to escort the four Pevensie children (Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy) to the Stone Tabular array to meet Aslan. (LWW) The proper noun kept live memory of those beavers. Though in later on times, Mr. and Mrs. Beaver passed away. The customs was likely adult before the Telmarine conquest (unless the Telmarines named it afterwards the "Old Narnian" story of the Pevensies', which is unlikely), but it however existed under the Telmarine rule and seemed to have hosted a majority of the Telmarine-descent population. Nikabrik claimed that the Telmarines "stamped out the beaver population". At the time when the usurper Miraz purged the aristocracy of anyone who might threaten his rule, two brothers who were the lords of Beaversdam were locked up as "madmen" (PC)
• Chippingford - One of four towns named in the land of Narnia. Information technology is mentioned briefly at the starting time of The Last Battle when Shift the Ape sends Puzzle the donkey at that place to purchase oranges and bananas. It is a British English name, made up as if derived from the Anglo-Saxon Cēapungford which means "market ford". (LB)

The map jointly created by C.S. Lewis and Pauline Baynes shows the mainland portion of Narnia extending roughly 150 miles east and west, 100 miles northward and due south.

Archenland [edit]

Conjectured flag for Archenland, based on a colour illustration by Pauline Baynes of the uniforms of Cor'south attendants in affiliate 14 of The Horse and His Boy (1998 ed.).

Archenland is a mountainous state south of Narnia. It is bordered on the north by Narnia and on the south past the Winding Arrow river.

The seat of government is at Anvard, in the heart of the country, a fortified area.^{[three] [four]}

No other towns or villages are mentioned in the Chronicles. It is described as being somewhat open parkland, with many different varieties of trees scattered far enough apart and then equally to not constitute a forest—just it is mostly a mountainous country. Archenland is centrolineal with Narnia, equally is shown in The Equus caballus and His Boy. Different Narnia, Archenland is inhabited past humans and is governed by Men. The second son of King Frank I of Narnia became the first King of Archenland.^[5] For reasons not explained in the Chronicles, the line of King Frank survived here (at least until the time of Loftier King Peter) where it failed in Narnia itself.

Archenland was the site of the Battle of Anvard in The Horse and His Boy.

Calormen [edit]

Calormen is a semi-arid empire in the south of the world of Narnia. Notable geographic features include the Flaming Mount of Lagour (a volcano) and the Great Desert. The Smashing Desert is in the northern office of the country, and the difficulty of crossing it discouraged the Calormenes from invading Archenland and Narnia.

The uppercase of Calormen is Tashbaan, located on an island near the oral cavity of the River of Calormen,^[6] which flows from west to east in the north of Calormen, just southward of the Great Desert.

The city of Azim Balda, to the south of Tashbaan, is a hub where many roads come across; it hosts the government's postal organisation.^[7]

Narnia never was on very skilful terms with Calormen because of Calormen's desire to dominate the countries effectually information technology. However, Narnia'due south strong clan with magic—both that of the White Witch and of Aslan and the humans associated with Aslan—discouraged Calormen from launching a full-calibration invasion, despite the great disparity in size. Simply at the end of the Narnian universe, in The Last Battle, does a surprise Calormen assault by ocean succeed in subduing Narnia, and even then they had to sow discord in Narnia through the manipulations of the ape Shift and his simulated Aslan.

Eastern Ocean [edit]

Numerous islands and archipelagoes dot the Eastern Sea. Most notable amidst these are Galma, the Seven Isles, The Lone Islands (a subject of the Narnian crown), and Terebinthia. At the far end of the Eastern Sea the geography becomes completely fantastic (as a result of the Narnian globe being apartment) where the sky meets the surface of the globe; in addition, it is implied that a passage to Aslan's Country is located there. The easternmost Ocean is described as having "sweet" water, capable of sating both hunger and thirst, and is completely covered by large lilies. The body of water becomes progressively more than shallow the further East one travels, eventually terminating in a gigantic standing wave. Beyond the wave can be seen as the "impossibly alpine" mountains of Aslan's Country.

Other lands [edit]

Telmarine flag, based on a colour illustration by Pauline Baynes in Prince Caspian (1998 ed.).

To the north of Narnia lie Ettinsmoor and the Wild Lands of the N, both inhabited by giants and dragons. The most prominent settlement is the Firm of Harfang, a community of giants that is patently the remnant of a much larger city (Giant Metropolis Ruinous) which was abased generations ago and barbarous into ruin.

The land west of Narnia is an uninhabited region of rugged mountains known as the Western Wild. The land of Telmar lies somewhere beyond this region, just its exact location was never documented—forgotten even past the Telmarines who invaded Narnia—and beyond it are the western islands.

In the Western Wild is the loma upon which grows a sacred walled grove of magical apple trees guarded by the phoenix. Upon Aslan's explicit instruction, Digory takes an apple from one of the trees to enable a tree of protection for Narnia to be sown. This task and the resistance of temptation to return with the apple directly to his mother is to atone for his violence in the hall of images and for bringing Jadis into Narnia.

Underland is located in keen caverns deep below the basis of Narnia. The land of Bism lies far below Underland. To the n are caverns containing a slumbering Father Time and the dragons, salamanders, and behemothic lizards who appear at the end of the world.

Inspiration [edit]

The landscape of Lewis'south native Republic of ireland, in item Ulster, played a large part in the creation of the Narnian landscape. In his essay On Stories, Lewis wrote "I have seen landscapes, notably in the Mourne Mountains and southwards which under a particular light made me feel that at any moment a giant might heighten his head over the adjacent ridge". In a letter to his brother, Lewis would later confide "that office of Rostrevor which overlooks Carlingford Lough is my idea of Narnia". Although in adult life Lewis lived in England, he returned to Northern Ireland often and retained addicted memories of the Irish scenery, maxim "I yearn to run into County Downward in the snowfall; one almost expects to encounter a march of dwarfs dashing past. How I long to pause into a world where such things were true."

Inhabitants [edit]

Humans from World [edit]

A total of xi named humans from Globe entered Narnia: four boys, 2 men, iv girls, and a woman. Humans from World are sometimes referred to equally Sons of Adam and Daughters of Eve by Narnians, a reference to first humans in the Biblical business relationship of cosmos.

The four Pevensie children are the all-time known: Peter Pevensie (High Male monarch Peter the Magnificent), Susan Pevensie (Queen Susan the Gentle), Edmund Pevensie (King Edmund the But), and Lucy Pevensie (Queen Lucy the Valiant). All of them announced in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and in Prince Caspian. Edmund and Lucy appear in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader and three (all except Peter, who is out fighting giants on the northern frontier) appear as adults in The Horse and his Boy. Likewise, all announced in The Last Battle except Susan, who has obviously given up believing in Narnia.

Others from Earth include King Frank, formerly a cabman in London, and his wife Queen Helen, who were the start Rex and Queen of Narnia and whose descendants lived in Narnia for many generations. They, together with Andrew Ketterley, Digory Kirke, and Polly Plummer appear in The Magician's Nephew. Eustace Scrubb, a cousin of the Pevensies, appears in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader and The Silver Chair, and Jill Pole, a schoolmate of Scrubb'southward, too appears in The Silver Chair. All of these except Andrew Ketterley appear in The Last Battle.

Six pirates and vi women came from Earth to the unpeopled land of Telmar and founded the race of the Telmarines. As Aslan says in Prince Caspian, they accidentally found in a cavern "one of the chinks or chasms between that world and this", and he adds, "There were many chinks or chasms between worlds in quondam times, but they take grown rarer. This was one of the last: I practice not say the last." So quite possibly others came to Narnia from World as well, just Lewis did not tape their histories for us.

Jadis, the white witch, is said to exist descended from Adam's beginning wife Lilith (encounter below).

Dwarfs [edit]

Dwarfs are native to Narnia. They are called Sons of Earth by Aslan, as opposed to humans, who are called Sons of Adam or Daughters of Eve. Dwarfs exist in at least 2 varieties: Black Dwarfs and Red Dwarfs, distinguished by the colour of their pilus. While many Blood-red Dwarfs are kind and loyal to Aslan, Blackness Dwarfs appear to be more selfish and hostile, and most fight on the White Witch'southward side. Dwarfs appearing in the books are male and alive together in communities, although they are known to mingle with and reproduce with humans. For example, Prince Caspian's Tutor Cornelius is a one-half-dwarf, and Caspian'due south one-time nurse is described as "a little quondam woman who looked as if she had dwarf blood in her".

Dwarfs, like fauns, satyrs, the river god and his Naiad daughters and the tree people (deities of the wood) stepped along when Aslan (in The Magician's Nephew) called for Narnia to "Awake. Love. Retrieve. Speak. Exist walking trees. Exist talking beasts. Be divine waters."^[viii] The dwarfs were presumably born of the earth, equally the Dryads were of the trees and the Naiads of the waters. Dwarfs appear as the King's train-bearers at the coronation of Rex Frank. (Naiads held Queen Helen's robes.^[8]) In keeping with their character every bit sons of Earth, the dwarfs are skilled and prolific smiths, miners, and carpenters. In battle, they are renowned as deadly archers. A Dwarf can walk all day and dark.^[nine]

Lewis's dwarfs comport some resemblance—though are not identical with—those depicted by his friend Tolkien in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings; both describe on the depiction of dwarfs in Germanic mythology.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Talking animals [edit]

Strawberry, the cabman'southward horse, likewise entered Narnia from Earth and at that place was chosen to exist a talking beast and transformed into the winged equus caballus Fledge.

Many of the animals found on World can also exist institute in Narnia. In addition, in that location are talking versions of near of these animals. When Aslan breathed upon the first beast pairs, some not just gained thought and speech, but inverse in size every bit well. Smaller animals (rodents, birds and small mammals) are larger than their not-talking relatives and larger animals are slightly smaller. Talking beasts can be divided into 3 primary categories: Avian, Mammal, and Reptile. In that location are no talking fish or insects.

It is specifically mentioned that there were no talking mice to begin with, and that Aslan added them subsequently every bit a advantage for the mice'due south kindness in cut his ropes after he was killed by the White Witch.

In Narnian law and custom, talking animals are persons, fully the equal of humans; killing and eating them is tantamount to murder and cannibalism. On the other hand, killing and eating a not-talking brute is a completely acceptable act. Thus, for example, 3 talking bears are amidst the loyal adherents of Prince Caspian, only subsequently on in the same volume a non-talking acquit is killed and eaten, and Lewis gives a detailed description of how its mankind was cooked.

Witches [edit]

Two Witches appear equally characters in the Narnian books, the White Witch (Jadis, Empress of Charn, or the "White Lady") and the Lady of the Green Kirtle (or "the Green Lady"). Long later on Lewis's decease, graphic symbol sketches appeared in afterward editions of the books that seem to point that these 2 witches are the same, but these notes are non due to Lewis (Run into the Lady of the Green Kirtle).

Jadis has the advent of a very tall human woman merely is actually the last scion of the royal house of Charn as shown in The Wizard's Nephew. In subsequently Narnian times her origin on Charn is not known to her subjects. Jadis claims human being descent to legitimize her rule, simply in Chapter 8 of The Panthera leo, the Witch, and the Wardrobe Mr. Beaver describes her as descended from Lilith, a Jinn and Adam's first wife, and from giants, thus having no human blood at all.

When Jadis entered the Narnian earth at its cosmos, she ate a fruit that gave her immortality. So she fled to the north. Another fruit from the aforementioned tree was planted in Narnia, and Aslan said that while the tree that grew from it flourished, Jadis would not return to Narnia.^[x] Jadis spent 900 years away from Narnia, then returned to conquer it and conjure the 100-year winter. She was killed by Aslan in the First Battle of Beruna.

The Green Lady transforms herself into a huge green snake twice in The Silvery Chair: once when she kills Rilian's mother, and in one case when she tries to kill Rilian and his companions. Almost of her other powers seem to exist related to seduction and enslavement; she has bugged and enslaved Rilian and an ground forces of cloak-and-dagger gnomes, and almost succeeds in bewitching Jill, Eustace, and Puddleglum using magic powder and a instrument.

Mythological creatures [edit]

Other inhabitants of the Narnian world based on known mythological or folkloric creatures include Boggles, Centaurs, Cruels, Dragons, Dryads, Earthmen (the Narnian version of gnomes), Efreets, Ettins, Fauns, Giants, Ghouls, Griffins, Hags, Hamadryads, Horrors, Incubi, Maenads, Merpeople, Minotaurs, Monopods, Naiads, Ogres, Orknies (peradventure from Old English language orcneas "walking dead"),^[11] Winged Horses, People of the Toadstools, Phoenix, Salamanders, Satyrs, Sea Peoples (a version of the merpeople), Sea serpents, Sylvans, Spectres, Sprites, Star People, Unicorns, Werewolves, Wooses, and Wraiths. These are a free mix of creatures from Greco-Roman sources and others from native British tradition.^[12]

Other creatures and inhabitants [edit]

Narnia is inhabited past Marsh-wiggles (creatures of Lewis's own invention) and Dufflepuds (adjusted from Pliny'due south Monopods) alive on a distant island. At that place are as well many singular beings who frequent or inhabit Narnia and its surrounding countries including: the River god, Bacchus, Father Christmas, Father Time, Pomona, Silenus, and Tash. It should also exist noted that the Stars themselves are sentient beings within Narnia. The magician Coriakin, who rules over the Dufflepud/Monopods, and Ramandu, whose daughter marries Caspian X, are both stars who, for various reasons, are globe-spring. Both of these individuals were encountered in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.

Cosmology [edit]

General characteristics [edit]

The world of Narnia is a flat world^[13] in a geocentric system. Its sky is a dome that mortal creatures cannot penetrate.^{[ citation needed ]} Traveling eastwards, characters in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader eventually attain a literal end of the world, where the sky reaches the sea.

Narnia's stars are shining sentient beings that occasionally come to the various worlds in humanoid course. Its constellations are the event of a mystical dance upon the heaven, performed by the stars to announce the works and comings of Aslan, Narnia's creator. The stars also arrange themselves to allow seers to foretell certain future events.^[fourteen] Constellations include the Send, the Hammer, and the Leopard.^[15]

The Narnian sun is a flaming disc that revolves effectually the earth once daily. The sun has its own ecosystem and is thought to be inhabited by great white birds, which appear in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader. Some of the vegetation on the sun is known to incorporate healing properties. For example, the extract of a fire-flower found in the mountains tin heal any wound or sickness, and a fire-berry that grows in its valleys, when eaten by the fallen star Ramandu, works to reverse the furnishings of historic period.

The moon of Narnia is larger than Earth's moon.^[xvi]

Passages in several of the books suggest that the basis of Narnia may be living. In The Silver Chair, the principal characters find a state named Bism many miles below Narnia, where diamonds and other jewels provide juice when crushed or squeezed. They find the idea unbelievable until a gnome explains that the precious stones establish in Bism are real, not dead like the ones found in the "shallow" mines made past dwarfs and others who live on the surface.

The worlds of Narnia [edit]

The Narnian globe is part of a series of many fictional worlds including Earth and the earth of Charn. These are connected past a linking room known as the Wood between the Worlds, a nexus that existed outside all the other worlds. This space takes the form of a dense forest with many pools of h2o. With appropriate magic (or a device such as rings made from the soil), each pool leads to a different world. The Wood between the Worlds seems to bear on the magic and strength of the White Witch, who becomes weak and ill when taken there.

Fourth dimension [edit]

World visitors to Narnia typically find that a visit to Narnia lasts longer in Narnia (sometimes much longer) than the corresponding catamenia of their absenteeism from Globe. How much longer appears to be capricious. For example, in The King of beasts, The Witch and The Wardrobe, Lucy's kickoff visit to Narnia lasts hours and the 4 children's main risk there lasts mayhap several decades—long enough for them to grow into adults and almost forget their babyhood on Earth. Each time, they are gone from Earth for merely a few seconds. Visiting Narnia, one always finds that more than time has passed there than on Earth, but there does non seem a fixed rate: betwixt The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe and Prince Caspian about a thousand years have passed in Narnia, but between that and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader only three years, and to The Silver Chair several decades.

History [edit]

Age of Conquest [edit]

In the first year of Narnia, the Creation of Narnia was witnessed by six creatures: Jadis, Empress of Charn, Digory Kirke, Polly Plummer, Andrew Ketterley, Frank the cabman, and his cab horse Strawberry. During a failed endeavour by Digory to transfer Jadis from London back to her own earth of Charn, the group arrived in the unmade darkness of Narnia just prior to Aslan calling it into being.

In the Narnian year i, Aslan began the cosmos before long after they arrived, and with his song called forth the stars, sunday, and eventually all landforms, plants, and animals as well. When he was finished, Aslan selected sure animals from these to be Talking Animals, giving to them, and all other magical creatures, Narnia as their new home, to ain and dominion it with wisdom and caring.

Aslan next appointed its starting time rulers, the cabby and his wife, as King Frank I and Queen Helen (the cabby'due south wife Nellie was called into Narnia by Aslan soon afterwards), and commanded them to rule peacefully over the talking beasts. Aware that the evil Witch-Queen Jadis had entered his new state, Aslan sent Digory to retrieve a magic apple from a garden in the Western Wild beyond Narnia. When Digory returned, the apple was planted by the river, where it immediately grew into a tree which as Aslan explained would protect Narnia from Jadis for many years.

Aslan immune Digory to accept an apple from the new tree dorsum to Globe for his ill female parent. Later she had eaten it, Digory planted the core in his garden, where it grew into a great apple tree. Many years later, the tree was blown downward in a storm, and Digory (who was now a professor), had its wood made into the wardrobe that figures in the championship of The Panthera leo, the Witch, and the Wardrobe—for this wardrobe became the archway through which the Pevensies would discover Narnia.

Age of Winter [edit]

During the Age of Conquest, Narnia remained at peace for hundreds of years after its creation until Jadis the Witch-Queen returned as the White Witch in 898. She conquered Narnia and reigned as a tyrant in 900, using her wand to turn anyone who crossed her into stone. With her magic she covered the land in perpetual ice and snow, making it "e'er wintertime and never Christmas" preventing Father Christmas from entering; so began Narnia's Historic period of Winter. Though she claimed to be Queen of Narnia and Châtelaine of Cair Paravel, Jadis ruled from her own fortress in the north, where her halls were lined with the Narnians that she had turned to rock.

By this fourth dimension, Narnia's humans have either died out or had been driven out (though humans remained in Archenland and Calormen at the time). Jadis feared a prophecy that "when Adam'south mankind and Adam's os sit down at Cair Paravel in the throne, the evil time volition be over and done." The tree spirits that are on Jadis' side were thus ever watching for human intruders. A hundred years into the endless winter, Lucy Pevensie entered Narnia, 1000 years after Digory and Polly's visit, who was befriended by Tumnus the Faun, and Lucy and her siblings managed to reach Aslan before Jadis could kill them. In the Narnian year 1000, nether Aslan's influence, the Witch's spells were cleaved, and the winter came to an end. Aslan restored the Narnians whom the Witch had turned into stone and killed the Witch herself at the First Battle of Beruna, and so ended the Age of Winter and began the Gold Historic period of Narnia.

Gilt Historic period of Narnia [edit]

After the defeat of the Witch in yard, Aslan fulfilled the ancient Narnian prophecy and made the four Pevensie children—Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy—Kings and Queens of Narnia. The ensuing prosperity inaugurated Narnia'south Golden Age. In the first few years, the Pevensies vanquished the remnants of the White Witch'south Army. They too had to argue with other countries that had feared Jadis but grew bolder after her death. The Pevensies collection dorsum the northern giants and in 1014 defeated an invading regular army from Calormen during the Battle of Anvard (as related in The Horse and his Boy). The ii Kings and two Queens were ever triumphant, and during the xv years of their reign Narnia was a safe and happy land. In 1015, the Pevensies left the Narnian globe and returned to Earth while trying to take hold of the white stag. So the Gold Age of Narnia ended. Lewis tells picayune of the following years until the invasion of the Telmarines.

Dark Age of Narnia [edit]

What happened between the disappearance of the Pevensies in 1015 and the Telmarine Invasion in 1998 is unclear. What is stated in the timeline is that Aravis and Cor's son, named Ram the Bully, became king of Archenland in 1050, and Swanwhite Ii became the queen of Narnia in 1502.

Telmarine Age of Narnia [edit]

In the Narnian year 1998, Narnia was invaded by people from the Due west called the Telmarines, descendants of pirates from Globe, and so began the Telmarine Historic period of Narnia. Led by Caspian I, they left their land in the West to escape a groovy dearth and reached Narnia by crossing a pass in the mountains. Later years of Telmarine rule, the native "Old Narnians" decreased in number and went into hiding. Humans became the dominant species. By the fourth dimension of the nascence of Caspian X (a directly descendant of Caspian I), the old days of Narnia were widely regarded as legendary and knowledge of the Onetime Narnians was actively suppressed by the Telmarine kings. People began to fear the woods and the sea, and to forget that the old creatures had once lived there.

Historic period of Exploration [edit]

Peter Pevensie and his siblings were recalled to Narnia in the Narnian year 2303, 1288 Narnian years later their deviation.

Narnia was so ruled by the Telmarine Male monarch Miraz, who had murdered his brother Caspian Ix and usurped the throne when Caspian IX planned to give Narnia back to the Old Narnians. Miraz planned to murder the true heir, his nephew Prince Caspian, after the birth of his unnamed ain son. Caspian had learned of Old Narnia and its creatures and had become sympathetic to their plight.

The four Pevensies helped Caspian defeat Miraz at the 2d Boxing of Beruna, and Caspian recovered the throne. Caspian took firm control of Narnia, knighting many of his officers from the War of Deliverance and appointing a loyal council composed of both Telmarines that did not return to their original home on Earth and Narnians.

He ensured equality and peace between the races, and renewed Narnia's alliance with Archenland. He waged a successful war against the giants in the North and rebuilt the Narnian navy.

Lucy and Edmund came to Narnia once again iii years after with their cousin Eustace in the Narnian year 2306, and sailed with Caspian aboard the ship Dawn Treader. Caspian undertook this journey to find the Seven Great Lords of Narnia who had been banished by Miraz to the far Eastern Seas beyond the Lone Islands.

Caspian restored Narnian control over the Lone Islands (which had lapsed under Telmarine dominion) and explored the unknown eastern islands to the very border of the globe. The explorers had many adventures, including fighting a sea serpent, encountering a wizard and his invisible subjects, and Eustace being turned briefly into a dragon.

Caspian married the daughter of a star named Ramandu. After the nativity of their son Rilian, the queen was killed by a witch in the form of a serpent, and Rilian, by so a boyfriend, disappeared while searching for her.

Eustace was drawn back to Narnia 50 years afterwards in the Narnian year 2356 along with a school friend, Jill Pole, to find that the passage of time had left Caspian an sometime man. Caspian's son Rilian had disappeared, and every bit Caspian embarked on a concluding voyage to seek Aslan'south advice about the succession, the children and Puddleglum the Marsh-wiggle began their own search for Rilian.

This took them to the Wild Lands of the North, inhabited by giants, and to Underland, where they institute Rilian and the Lady of the Green Kirtle, who had bewitched him. They freed Rilian, who in plough killed the witch. They returned to Narnia to find Caspian dying as he returned from his voyage.

Later Ages [edit]

The world of Narnia was finally destroyed in the Narnian year 2555 at the end of the Later Ages, during the reign of Rex Tirian, son of King Erlian and seventh in descent from Rilian.

A talking ape named Shift constructed an elaborate conspiracy in a selfish attempt to modify Narnia to his liking. By dressing a ass named Puzzle in a lion's skin and claiming him to exist Aslan, Shift began surreptitiously to proceeds control of the state, forcing inhabitants to do his bidding in the lion's proper noun. He and then made contact with the rulers of Calormen, inviting them to conquer Narnia for their common reward.

Calormene soldiers under Helm Rishda Tarkaan soon arrived, and past the time King Tirian learned of the ape's treasonous plans, they were well on the way to completion. Shift told the Calormene soldiers that Tash and Aslan were one existence called "Tashlan".

With the help of Eustace and Jill, who return to Narnia 199 year afterwards (who arrived in time to rescue the king from capture), Tirian attempted to rally Narnia and bulldoze out the invaders, only the divisive upshot of the false Aslan and the capture of Cair Paravel by a Calormene fleet rendered his efforts unsuccessful. Tirian and his remaining supporters came to a terminal stand confronting Rishda'southward army at the Battle of Stable Hill, where Tirian was defeated.

End of Narnia [edit]

But in the class of this last stand, the defenders were forced back into the stable and found inside to their surprise, Aslan's country: all that the existent Narnia ever had that was adept, a Narnia-within-Narnia. Aslan was waiting for them and told them that this final defeat signified the Cease.

Opening the Stable door, the children and other survivors witnessed the stop of Narnia, the coming home of the stars, the dragons, salamanders, and behemothic lizards uprooting the copse until they grew erstwhile and died, the in-rushing of the sea, the destruction of sun and moon with the former being crushed past Begetter Fourth dimension and the latter being destroyed by the sun's carmine giant class, and ultimately the end of all that existed in the earth.

Aslan chosen all of its inhabitants to him. Those who had been faithful were taken with him into his ain land, where they met people who had died previously in Narnia. Those who had been unfaithful were turned away at the entrance to the new land and faded into the shadows to an unknown fate that not even C.S. Lewis know what happened to them. The Calormen were sent to Tash except for ane who was afterward found in Aslan'due south Country.

Aslan's Country was bigger and meliorate than the sometime Narnia, those who had died were constitute alive in it, because it was the "real" one, whereas the old Narnia had been merely a copy of Aslan's land. "That was the dream, this is reality." It is besides indicated that Aslan's land connected "further up and further in" to the "existent" England, where Lucy Pevensie was able to see her parents, who died in a train wreck that killed all the other Pevensie siblings (except Susan), as well as Digory, Polly, Eustace, and Jill.

Contact with Earth [edit]

In that location are vii documented events of contact between the world of men and the world of Narnia. Dates are taken from a timeline provided in the book Past Watchful Dragons by Walter Hooper (ISBN 0-02-051970-ii).

• In The Magician'south Nephew, iv humans, Frank (final name unknown), Andrew Ketterley, and children Digory Kirke and Polly Plummer, were present at the cosmos of Narnia, having been brought there by a series of unfortunate events. The aforementioned mean solar day, Aslan called Frank's wife, Helen, from England, and the two remained in Narnia as King and Queen. The children and Andrew returned to London (Advertisement 1900).
• In (Narnian Year) N460, as alluded to in Prince Caspian, six human pirates and their wives from the South Sea entered the country of Telmar through a magic cave. They remained in Telmar, and their descendants formed the Telmarine culture.
• In The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, in Narnian year 1000, 4 siblings—Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy Pevensie—entered Narnia through a wardrobe Digory had built from the forest of a magical Narnian tree. Aslan returned to Narnia at the same time, defeated the foreign ruler Jadis, now known equally the White Witch, and set up the four children equally kings and queens. They ruled for 15 years before returning to Advert 1940 England equally if no fourth dimension had passed at all, dorsum in the country of childhood.
• In Prince Caspian, in Narnian year 2303 and Earth year Advert 1941, the Pevensie children were summoned to Narnia past magic to help remove a Telmarine usurper, King Miraz, from the Narnian throne and establish the teenage Prince Caspian as king. Aslan allowed the Telmarines who accustomed native Narnians as equals to remain in Narnia and returned the others to the S Sea island their people came from.
• In The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, in Narnian year 2306 and Earth year 1942, Edmund and Lucy Pevensie and Eustace Scrubb entered Narnia through a magic painting and took part in Caspian'due south voyage to the edge of the world.
• In The Silver Chair, in Narnian year 2356, Aslan brought Eustace Scrubb and Jill Pole to Narnia, where they rescued Rilian, son of the now elderly Caspian, from his enchanted captivity. Caspian died simply was resurrected in Aslan'due south country. Aslan briefly allowed him to cross over into the children's world (England, AD 1942) to help them in return, which resulted in the removal of a decadent schoolhouse administrator.
• In The Concluding Battle, Rex Tirian of Narnia appeared to the friends of Narnia in England (Advert 1949), and Aslan brought Eustace and Jill to Narnia in Narnian year 2555 to assist Tirian at the cease of his reign.

It is possible that there were other visits. Given that the darker-skinned Calormenes differed in appearance from northern peoples (similar Telmarines and Archenlanders), it is possible that they are descended from another group from the world of men; however, this is not stated in the books.

Some other perspective on Narnian history [edit]

In The Last Battle, Jewel the Unicorn discusses Narnian history with Jill Pole, explaining that while she (and the readers) imagines information technology to take been excessively turbulent ("It's a pity there's always so much happening in Narnia"), that is only because humans have been sent to help Narnia at its worst times. At other times in that location were long periods of peace and prosperity.

Outline of Narnian History [edit]

Lewis provided a timeline of events related to The Chronicles of Narnia, in emulation of The Tale of the Years chronology in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. He gave an "Outline of Narnian History" in manuscript form to Walter Hooper, who included it in his essay Past Watchful Dragons: The Fairy Tales of C. South. Lewis.^{[17] [18]} The novels never explicitly mention the twelvemonth or years in which events accept place, and so the timeline is the merely source for this data. Kathryn Lindskoog, along with other Lewis'due south scholars, has challenged the authenticity of some posthumous works attributed to Lewis and edited by Hooper,^[xix] just the validity of the outline in particular has not been questioned. The outline is accepted by Lewis experts and has been included in works by Paul Ford,^[20] Martha Sammons^[21] and others.

Consistency with other works [edit]

Several people accept pointed out more or less significant areas where Lewis's Outline is not consistent with the text of the Chronicles. For example, the outline dates Queen Swanwhite c.  1502, though according to The Last Boxing she ruled Narnia before Jadis returned (pregnant that her reign must have ended before 898). Paul Ford, author of Companion to Narnia, points out that the text of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe states that Lucy and Edmund are 1 yr apart in age, the years given in the timeline for their births, 1930 and 1932 respectively, would put their ages at something more than than a year.^[20] Devin Chocolate-brown, author of Inside Narnia: A Guide to Exploring The King of beasts, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, uses the timeline equally a way to reconcile some of the statements concerning the timing of Aslan'southward appearances in Narnia with other characters' recollections of those appearances.^[22]

Contents of the timeline [edit]

The timeline begins in the Narnian yr one and continues to the Narnian year 2555, which corresponds with the period of time in London from year AD 1900 until Advertisement 1949. He concludes the Narnian entries with the last battle and the "Cease of Narnia", and concludes the finish of the London entries with "1949: Serious blow on British Railways".

The timeline includes information concerning the birth of several human characters, including Digory Kirke in 1888, Polly Plummer in 1889, Peter Pevensie in 1927, Susan, Edmund and Lucy (1928, 1930, 1932 respectively), Eustace Scrubb and Jill Pole (both born in 1933).

The timeline besides lists the dates of notable events in the series, particularly the principal periods where the protagonists enter Narnia. Digory and Polly entering Narnia in 1900, and the Pevensies twice enter Narnia in 1940 and 1941. This corresponds to the Pevensies arrival in Narnia in the Narnian twelvemonth 1000, where Aslan sacrifices himself, and Peter becomes Narnia's new ruler. According to the timeline, the Pevensies vanish out of Narnia while hunting the White Stag in the Narnian year 1015, one year afterward King Peter carries out a successful raid on the Northern Giants, and King Lune of Archenland defeats an assault by Prince Rabadash. Lewis also gives the Advertisement 1942 every bit the yr that both The Voyage of the Dawn Treader and The Silver Chair accept place. This corresponds to Caspian Ten's voyage to the finish of the globe in 2306–2307, Narnian time.

The timeline besides lists Narnia dates for events that are mentioned in passing, or only implied, in the books. For example, the timeline indicates that Moonwood the Hare lived around the Narnian year 570 (mentioned in the Terminal Battle), that the White Witch Jadis returns to Narnia around twelvemonth 898 (corresponding roughly with her hundred-year reign), that King Ram of Archenland succeeds Cor in 1050 (as stated, without the year in The Equus caballus and His Boy), and that Queen Swanwhite lived around the yr 1502 (also mentioned in The Concluding Boxing).

Regnal history [edit]

While simply some kings and queens are named in the book, the custom of Narnians to name sons after fathers, as well as a timeline that Lewis wrote outside of the series proper, helps create a fairly consummate list of monarchs in the world of Narnia. This table gives the regnal years of the monarchs, equally adamant past the timeline and clues in the books themselves.

Key

	Did not rule under the Guild of Aslan

Regnal Years	Monarch	Notes
1–?	Frank I and Helen	A working grade couple from our globe. Male monarch Frank had previously been a London cab driver.
Earlier 180	V descendants of Frank and Helen	All are named Frank. Col, second son of Frank V, was the starting time King of Archenland, which he founded in 180.
Betwixt 180 and 302	Three unnamed descendants of Frank Six	Presumed to have existed in gild to make Gale the tenth King of Narnia
Before 302	Gale	Showtime Emperor of the Solitary Islands.
Before 900	Swanwhite	Appointment mentioned in The Concluding Battle. Contradicts Lewis'southward timeline, which says 1502.
900–chiliad	Jadis, Empress of the Lone Islands (the White Witch)	Ruled during the Hundred-Twelvemonth Winter.
thou–1015	Peter the Magnificent (High King) Susan the Gentle Edmund the Just Lucy the Valiant	Ruled concurrently every bit siblings until they left Narnia.
1998–?	Caspian I the Conqueror	Starting time Rex after Telmarine invasion
?–2290	Eight descendants of Caspian I	All named Caspian
2290–2303	Miraz the Usurper and Prunaprismia	Son of Caspian VIII; murdered his blood brother Caspian 9 and displaced his nephew (who succeeded him every bit Caspian X).
2303–2356	Caspian X the Seafarer (or, the Navigator) and Ramandu's daughter.	Son of Caspian IX.
2356–?	Rilian the Disenchanted	Son of Caspian X.
?	Four descendants of Rilian[23]
?	Erlian	Father of Tirian
?–2555	Tirian	Last King of Narnia before its destruction.

Titles [edit]

When monarchs are installed on the throne of Narnia, they receive the post-obit titles:

• King/Queen of Narnia
• Emperor/Empress of the Lone Islands (showtime acquired past Gale of Narnia) & Dragon Island
• Lord/Lady of Cair Paravel (Not as to Jadis)
• Lord/Lady of Telmar (from Caspian I to Tirian)

They may also receive the following titles:

• Knighthood of the Order of the Panthera leo
• Knighthood of the Order of the Table
• Duke/Duchess of the Lantern Waste product
• Duke/Duchess of Galma and the Seven Isles
• Baron/Baroness of Ettinsmoor (acquired by Caspian X)
• Count/Countess of the Western Marches

Inspiration [edit]

Dunluce Castle in the last decade of the 19th century

Starting time in 1906, young C.Southward Lewis (1898–1963) visited the northern Irish seaside well-nigh Portrush many times.^{[24] [25]} In later on years, Lewis remembered the sounds of the ocean, the cliffs rising in a higher place it, and the ruined medieval towers of Dunluce Castle which many authors take speculated may take inspired his creation of Cair Paravel.^{[24] [25] [26]}

Narnia and Narni (Italy) [edit]

C. S. Lewis took the name from the Italian town of Narni, whose Latin proper noun was in fact Narnia. Apropos Narnia and Narni Roger Lancelyn Green writes about C.S. Lewis and Walter Hooper:

When Walter Hooper asked [C.S. Lewis] where he found the word 'Narnia', Lewis showed him Murray'due south Pocket-size Classical Atlas, ed.Thousand.B. Grundy (1904), which he acquired when he was reading the classics with Mr Kirkpatrick at Great Bookham [1914-1917]. On plate eight of the Atlas is a map of aboriginal Italian republic. Lewis had underscored the proper name of a lilliputian town called Narnia, only because he liked the sound of it. Narnia — or 'Narni' in Italian — is in Umbria, halfway between Rome and Assisi.
Narnia, a pocket-sized medieval boondocks, is situated at the top of an olive-covered hill. It was already aboriginal when the Romans defeated information technology in 299 BC. Its thirteenth-century fortress dominates a deep, narrow gorge of the Nera river which runs below. I of its most important archaeological features is a Romanesque cathedral, which contains the relics of a number of Umbrian saints.

See as well [edit]

• Outline of Narnia
• Pauline Baynes, original illustrator for the Narnia books and maps; she too illustrated some of J. R. R. Tolkien's books, and drew two poster maps of Middle-earth (merely non the ones published in the books).
• The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)—for details on the films
• Land of Oz
• Middle-globe
• Neverland
• Wonderland

References [edit]

1. ^ Howard, Thomas (2006-02-01). Narnia and Beyond: A Guide to the Fiction of C.S. Lewis. Ignatius Press. ISBN978-1-58617-148-3.
2. ^ Dunlop, Cheryl; Jr, James Bong (2007-10-02). The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Globe of Narnia. Penguin. ISBN978-i-4406-2611-1.
3. ^ Manguel, Alberto; Gianni Guadalupi (2000). The Dictionary of Imaginary Places (Newly updated and expanded ed.). San Diego: Harcourt. p. 31. ISBN0-xv-600872-6.
4. ^ Duriez, Colin (2004). A field guide to Narnia. InterVarsity Printing. pp. 168–169. ISBN0-8308-3207-6.
5. ^ Sammons, Martha C. (2004). A Guide Through Narnia (rev. ed.). Regent Higher Publishing. p. 27. ISBN1-57383-308-8.
6. ^ A Horse and his Boy, Chapter 3. Maps (even the Baynes map) by and large portray Tashbaan some distance inland, just the text makes clear that the city is near the oral cavity of the river.
7. ^ A Horse and his Male child, Chapter 3
8. ^ ^{a b} The Sorcerer'south Nephew, Ch. 14
9. ^ Prince Caspian, Ch. viii
10. ^ The Magician'due south Nephew, Chapter 14.
11. ^ Schakel, Peter J. The Way into Narnia: A Reader'southward Guide, p. 128.
12. ^ Briggs, K. Yard. The Fairies in English Tradition and Literature, p. 209 University of Chicago Press, London, 1967.
13. ^ Duriez, Colin (2013). A Field Guide to Narnia. Strould, Gloucestershire: The History Printing. ISBN978-0-7524-9554-5.
14. ^ Lewis, C. S. (1956). The Last Boxing . New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers. p. 189. ISBN0-06-023493-viii.
15. ^ Lewis, C. S. (1951). Prince Caspian . New York: Macmillan. p. 95.
16. ^ C. S. Lewis (22 August 2000). Prince Caspian (full color). HarperCollins. p. 137. ISBN978-0-06-440944-5. (page 113 in 1951 Macmillan edition)
17. ^ Hooper, Walter (1979). Past Watchful Dragons: The Narnian Chronicles of C. S. Lewis. New York: Macmillan Pub Co. pp. 41–44. ISBN0-02-051970-2.
18. ^ Schakel, Peter (1979). Reading with the Heart: The Way into Narnia. Grand Rapids: Eerdnabs. pp. 143. ISBN0-8028-1814-5.
19. ^ Lindskoog, Kathryn (1988). The C. S. Lewis Hoax. Portland, Oregon: Multnomah. ISBN0-88070-258-3.
20. ^ ^{a b} Ford, Paul (2005). Companion to Narnia, Revised Edition. San Francisco: harper. p. 465ff. ISBN0-06-079127-6.
21. ^ Sammons, Martha (1979). A Guide Through Narnia. Wheaton, Illinois: Shaw. p. 54. ISBN0-87788-325-4.
22. ^ Brownish, Devin (2005). Inside Narnia: A Guide to Exploring The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. Grand Rapids: Baker Books. pp. 125ff. ISBN978-0-8010-6599-6.
23. ^ Lewis, C.South. (1964). The Final Battle. Puffin. p. 42. ISBN0140302050. ...and Tirian was again alone with the cold and the darkness. He thought of other Kings who had lived and died in Narnia in old times and it seemed to him that none of them had ever been so unlucky as himself. He thought of his great-grandfather'south smashing-granddad King Rillian...
24. ^ ^{a b} Poe, Harry Lee (2019). Becoming C. South. Lewis (1898–1918): A Biography of Young Jack Lewis. Vol. 1. Crossway. p. 138. ISBN978-1433562730. In its glory, Dunluce would have been the model of a kingly castle, just Lewis saw it in ruins, equally the four Pevensie children saw Cair Paravel upon their render to Narnia in Prince Caspian.
25. ^ ^{a b} Duriez, Colin (2013). C. Due south. Lewis: A Biography of Friendship. Lion Books. ISBN978-0745955872. I take some vague memories of the cliffs round there and of Dunluce Castle, and some memories that are not at all vague of the aforementioned coast a little further on at Castlerock where we used to go in the one-time days. (letter from Lewis to Arthur Greeves, written in 1915)
26. ^ "Ruined UK castles spring dorsum to life". CNN. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 31 Jan 2020. …the dramatically situated clifftop Dunluce Castle (pictured above) in County Atrium, Northern Republic of ireland. […] Its otherworldly wait is said to take inspired CS Lewis, author of the Chronicles of Narnia series. Apparently, the ruins formed the footing for the Narnian castle of Cair Paravel.

External links [edit]

• HarperCollins site for the books
• Disney Map of Narnia NarniaMap.jpg, 2244 x 1692, 1359 KB
• Six maps of Narnia

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narnia_(world)

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